- lshw：列出硬體資訊
- lshw-gtk：視窗介面列出硬體資訊
- lsusb：列出所有USB設備
- lscpu：列出處理器相關資訊
- lspci：列出所有PCI設備
lshw – list hardware
# lshw -shortH/W path Device Class Description
=================================================
system MacBookPro5,5 (System SKU#)
/0 bus Mac-F2268AC8
/0/0 processor Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU P8700 @ 2.
/0/0/2 memory 32KiB L1 cache
/0/1 memory 32KiB L1 cache
/0/3 processor CPU
/0/3/5 memory 32KiB L1 cache
/0/4 memory 32KiB L1 cache
/0/6 memory 8GiB System Memory
/0/6/0 memory 4GiB SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8
/0/6/1 memory 4GiB SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8
/0/e memory 1MiB BIOS
/0/100 bridge MCP79 Host Bridge
/0/100/0.1 memory RAM memory
/0/100/3 bridge MCP79 LPC Bridge
/0/100/3.1 memory RAM memory
/0/100/3.2 bus MCP79 SMBus
/0/100/3.3 memory RAM memory
/0/100/3.4 memory RAM memory
/0/100/3.5 processor MCP79 Co-processor
/0/100/4 bus MCP79 OHCI USB 1.1 Controller
/0/100/4.1 bus MCP79 EHCI USB 2.0 Controller
/0/100/6 bus MCP79 OHCI USB 1.1 Controller
/0/100/6.1 bus MCP79 EHCI USB 2.0 Controller
/0/100/8 multimedia MCP79 High Definition Audio
/0/100/9 bridge MCP79 PCI Bridge
/0/100/a eth0 network MCP79 Ethernet
/0/100/b storage MCP79 SATA Controller
/0/100/10 bridge MCP79 PCI Express Bridge
/0/100/10/0 display C79 [GeForce 9400M]
/0/100/15 bridge MCP79 PCI Express Bridge
/0/100/15/0 network BCM4322 802.11a/b/g/n Wireless LAN Control
/0/100/16 bridge MCP79 PCI Express Bridge
/0/100/16/0 bus FW643 [TrueFire] PCIe 1394b Controller
/0/2 scsi0 storage
/0/2/0.0.0 /dev/sda disk 256GB PLEXTOR PX-256M5
/0/2/0.0.0/1 volume 2047KiB EFI GPT partition
/0/2/0.0.0/2 /dev/sda2 volume 230GiB EXT4 volume
/0/2/0.0.0/3 /dev/sda3 volume 7910MiB Linux swap volume
/0/5 scsi1 storage
/0/5/0.0.0 /dev/cdrom disk DVD-R UJ-868
/0/7 scsi6 storage
/0/7/0.0.0 /dev/sdb disk SD Card Reader
/0/7/0.0.0/0 /dev/sdb disk
/1 power Unknown
/2 wlan0 network Wireless interface
class從上面的lshw -short或是lshw -businfo可以知道有：
- bridge：主機板上面PCI, ISA 插槽的資訊
- bus：主機板、USB, firewire等外接裝置
- disk：硬碟、光碟機、讀卡機
- memory：記憶體相關資訊
- network：有線網卡、無線網卡、IP與MAC位址
- power：電源供應器、電池相關訊息
- processor：CPU與GPU的資訊
- storage：連接儲存裝置的設備像是SATA, SCSI等等
- system：機器的基本資訊
- volume：磁碟上面各個空間的詳細資訊，像是filesystem format, UUID等等
如果想要把相關資料輸出成為json格式，可以用下面的指令
# lshw -json
# lshw -C processor -json
lsusb – list USB devices
$ lsusb
Bus 002 Device 004: ID 05ac:8403 Apple, Inc. Internal Memory Card Reader
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 003: ID 046d:c52b Logitech, Inc. Unifying Receiver
Bus 004 Device 004: ID 05ac:8213 Apple, Inc. Bluetooth Host Controller
Bus 004 Device 002: ID 0a5c:4500 Broadcom Corp. BCM2046B1 USB 2.0 Hub (part of BCM2046 Bluetooth)
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 05ac:8507 Apple, Inc. Built-in iSight
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 003: ID 05ac:0236 Apple, Inc. Internal Keyboard/Trackpad (ANSI)
Bus 003 Device 002: ID 05ac:8242 Apple, Inc. Built-in IR Receiver
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
可以看到Keyboard, Trackpad, IR receiver, Memory card reader等東西都放在USB上面
lscpu – display information on CPU architecture
$ lscpuArchitecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 2
On-line CPU(s) list: 0,1
Thread(s) per core: 1
Core(s) per socket: 2
Socket(s): 1
NUMA node(s): 1
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model: 23
Stepping: 10
CPU MHz: 798.000
BogoMIPS: 5041.23
Virtualization: VT-x
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 3072K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0,1
雙核心，family 6, model 23, stepping 10, 目前處理器速度是798 MHz
lspci – list all PCI devices
$ lspci00:00.0 Host bridge: NVIDIA Corporation MCP79 Host Bridge (rev b1)
00:00.1 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation MCP79 Memory Controller (rev b1)
00:03.0 ISA bridge: NVIDIA Corporation MCP79 LPC Bridge (rev b3)
00:03.1 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation MCP79 Memory Controller (rev b1)
00:03.2 SMBus: NVIDIA Corporation MCP79 SMBus (rev b1)
00:03.3 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation MCP79 Memory Controller (rev b1)
00:03.4 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation MCP79 Memory Controller (rev b1)
00:03.5 Co-processor: NVIDIA Corporation MCP79 Co-processor (rev b1)
00:04.0 USB controller: NVIDIA Corporation MCP79 OHCI USB 1.1 Controller (rev b1)
00:04.1 USB controller: NVIDIA Corporation MCP79 EHCI USB 2.0 Controller (rev b1)
00:06.0 USB controller: NVIDIA Corporation MCP79 OHCI USB 1.1 Controller (rev b1)
00:06.1 USB controller: NVIDIA Corporation MCP79 EHCI USB 2.0 Controller (rev b1)
00:08.0 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation MCP79 High Definition Audio (rev b1)
00:09.0 PCI bridge: NVIDIA Corporation MCP79 PCI Bridge (rev b1)
00:0a.0 Ethernet controller: NVIDIA Corporation MCP79 Ethernet (rev b1)
00:0b.0 IDE interface: NVIDIA Corporation MCP79 SATA Controller (rev b1)
00:10.0 PCI bridge: NVIDIA Corporation MCP79 PCI Express Bridge (rev b1)
00:15.0 PCI bridge: NVIDIA Corporation MCP79 PCI Express Bridge (rev b1)
00:16.0 PCI bridge: NVIDIA Corporation MCP79 PCI Express Bridge (rev b1)
02:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation C79 [GeForce 9400M] (rev b1)
03:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4322 802.11a/b/g/n Wireless LAN Controller (rev 01)
04:00.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): LSI Corporation FW643 [TrueFire] PCIe 1394b Controller (rev 07)
前面的數字，像是Broadcom的網卡編號就是03:00.0，可以用下面指令單獨看
$ lspci -v -s 03:00.0
03:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4322 802.11a/b/g/n Wireless LAN Controller (rev 01)
Subsystem: Apple Inc. AirPort Extreme
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 19
Memory at d3200000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: b43-pci-bridge
如果想要看更精細的資料，可以把參數-v改成-vv或是-vvv
$ lspci -vv -s 03:00.0
03:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4322 802.11a/b/g/n Wireless LAN Controller (rev 01)
Subsystem: Apple Inc. AirPort Extreme
Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 256 bytes
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 19
Region 0: Memory at d3200000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: b43-pci-bridge
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