- $ dmesg | less
- # dmidecode --type keywords
dmesg - print or control the kernel ring buffer
很古老的方式，用這種方式需要約莫知道自己想要的硬體是什麼。例如說一台安裝Ubuntu的舊型MacBookPro使用dmesg來看相關資訊：$ dmesg | less
[ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset
[ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
[ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct
[ 0.000000] Linux version 3.16.0-55-generic (buildd@lgw01-42) (gcc version 4.
8.2 (Ubuntu 4.8.2-19ubuntu1) ) #74~14.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Tue Nov 17 10:15:59 UTC 20
15 (Ubuntu 3.16.0-55.74~14.04.1-generic 3.16.7-ckt19)
這邊可以看到系統的核心與作業系統資訊
[ 0.000000] KERNEL supported cpus:
[ 0.000000] Intel GenuineIntel
[ 0.000000] AMD AuthenticAMD
[ 0.000000] Centaur CentaurHauls
[ 0.000000] e820: BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009fbff] usable
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000000009fc00-0x000000000009ffff] reserved
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000000e0000-0x00000000000fffff] reserved
BIOS用e820來看系統記憶體的使用
[ 0.000000] DMI: Apple Inc. MacBookPro5,5/Mac-F2268AC8, BIOS MBP55.88Z.00AC.B03.0906151708 06/15/09
這裏可以看到硬體是MacBookPro5,5/編號是F2268AC8，去查會是2009年中的機器
[ 0.075605] smpboot: CPU0: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU P8700 @ 2.53GHz (fam: 06, model: 17, stepping: 0a)
[ 0.076000] Performance Events: PEBS fmt0+, 4-deep LBR, Core2 events, Intel PMU driver.
[ 0.076000] ... version: 2
[ 0.076000] ... bit width: 40
[ 0.076000] ... generic registers: 2
[ 0.076000] ... value mask: 000000ffffffffff
[ 0.076000] ... max period: 000000007fffffff
[ 0.076000] ... fixed-purpose events: 3
[ 0.076000] ... event mask: 0000000700000003
[ 0.076000] x86: Booting SMP configuration:
[ 0.076000] .... node #0, CPUs: #1
[ 0.088036] x86: Booted up 1 node, 2 CPUs
使用的處理器是Intel Core2Duo P8700, 雙核心
[ 2.316106] ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
[ 2.316189] ata2: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 300)
[ 2.316349] ata1.00: HPA detected: current 500116079, native 500118192
[ 2.316416] ata1.00: ATA-8: PLEXTOR PX-256M5S, 1.02, max UDMA/133
[ 2.316480] ata1.00: 500116079 sectors, multi 16: LBA48 NCQ (depth 31/32)
[ 2.316966] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
[ 2.317175] scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access ATA PLEXTOR PX-256M5 1.02 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
[ 2.317499] sd 0:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0
[ 2.317620] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 500116079 512-byte logical blocks: (256 GB/238 GiB)
[ 2.317697] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 4096-byte physical blocks
[ 2.317806] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
[ 2.317866] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
[ 2.317883] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[ 2.318130] ata2.00: ATAPI: MATSHITADVD-R UJ-868, KB19, max UDMA/66
[ 2.320357] ata2.00: configured for UDMA/66
[ 2.320469] sda: sda1 sda2 sda3
[ 2.320887] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
這邊可以看到硬碟是256G的Plextor固態硬碟，裝置會是/dev/sda
裡面有需多資訊可以挖，不過需要一些計算機系統的相關背景知識，像是必須要知道各種硬體的device name等等。
dmidecode - DMI table decoder
這個指令必須要是root才能夠使用，以下內容參考了FourDollars的文章# dmidecode --type 1
SMBIOS 2.4 present.
Handle 0x000F, DMI type 1, 27 bytes
System Information
Manufacturer: Apple Inc.
Product Name: MacBookPro5,5
Version: 1.0
Serial Number: 機器的序號
UUID: 機器的編號
Wake-up Type: Power Switch
SKU Number: System SKU#
Family: MacBook
直接可以看到這台機器的內容。上述的DMI type總共有42種，man dmidecode可以得知
Type Information
────────────────────────────────────────────
0 BIOS
1 System
2 Baseboard
3 Chassis
4 Processor
5 Memory Controller
6 Memory Module
7 Cache
8 Port Connector
9 System Slots
10 On Board Devices
11 OEM Strings
12 System Configuration Options
13 BIOS Language
14 Group Associations
15 System Event Log
16 Physical Memory Array
17 Memory Device
18 32-bit Memory Error
19 Memory Array Mapped Address
20 Memory Device Mapped Address
21 Built-in Pointing Device
22 Portable Battery
23 System Reset
24 Hardware Security
25 System Power Controls
26 Voltage Probe
27 Cooling Device
28 Temperature Probe
29 Electrical Current Probe
30 Out-of-band Remote Access
31 Boot Integrity Services
32 System Boot
33 64-bit Memory Error
34 Management Device
35 Management Device Component
36 Management Device Threshold Data
37 Memory Channel
38 IPMI Device
39 Power Supply
40 Additional Information
41 Onboard Devices Extended Information
42 Management Controller Host Interface
有比較簡單的方式使用keyword可以不用記憶DMI type，下面兩個指令是一樣的：
# dmidecode --type memory
# dmidecode --type 5,6,16,17
與keyword相關也可以man dmidecode得知：
Keyword Types
──────────────────────────────
bios 0, 13
system 1, 12, 15, 23, 32
baseboard 2, 10, 41
chassis 3
processor 4
memory 5, 6, 16, 17
cache 7
connector 8
slot 9
這邊舉例看處理器
# dmidecode --type processor
SMBIOS 2.4 present.
Handle 0x0000, DMI type 4, 35 bytes
Processor Information
Socket Designation: U2E1
Type: Central Processor
Family: Other
Manufacturer: Intel(R) Corporation
ID: 處理器的編號
Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 23, Stepping 10
Flags:
FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip)
VME (Virtual mode extension)
DE (Debugging extension)
PSE (Page size extension)
TSC (Time stamp counter)
MSR (Model specific registers)
PAE (Physical address extension)
MCE (Machine check exception)
CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported)
APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported)
SEP (Fast system call)
MTRR (Memory type range registers)
PGE (Page global enable)
MCA (Machine check architecture)
CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported)
PAT (Page attribute table)
PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension)
CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported)
DS (Debug store)
ACPI (ACPI supported)
MMX (MMX technology supported)
FXSR (FXSAVE and FXSTOR instructions supported)
SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions)
SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2)
SS (Self-snoop)
HTT (Multi-threading)
TM (Thermal monitor supported)
PBE (Pending break enabled)
Version: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU P8700 @ 2.53GHz
Voltage: 1.6 V
External Clock: 266 MHz
Max Speed: 2530 MHz
Current Speed: 2530 MHz
Status: Populated, Enabled
Upgrade: ZIF Socket
L1 Cache Handle: 0x0002
L2 Cache Handle: Not Provided
L3 Cache Handle: Not Provided
Serial Number: Not Specified
Asset Tag: Unknown
Part Number: Not Specified
這台是雙核心，所以會重複出現兩次一樣的資訊。Flag那一部分是支援的指令集
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